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English

From the diagnosis to the valuation of an employement and professional education public politics for young people : the case of apprenticeship in poitou-charentes

The apprenticeship occupies a singular place among the education devices which are set in the middle of the employement and the educational system, because it represents the most old form (Astier's law of july 25th1919) of enterprise's involvement in an education part, long afounded on the acquisition of a trade on the job. On the july 16th 1971, the apprenticeship contract becomes a real work contract. But in the eighties the creation of the professional baccalaureate deeply moves the educational scene. The CAP, ousted from professional secondary schools to apprenticeship, loses its identity. In spite of the law of july 23th 1987 opening the apprenticeship to all qualification levels, this one slowly but certainly becomes associated to activities of little value, intended to offer a minimal education for the excluded persons from the educational system. We have to wait the social modernisation law of 2002 so that apprenticeship is the subject of a thought about its modernisation and its development. Poitou-Charentes was one of the first regions to sign a contract of objectives and means. The number of apprentices represented, in 2005, 3,6% of the national number. In this context, our work articulates around three parts. The first one offers a spatial, temporal, demographic and institutional approach of apprenticeship. The second part analyses the place of this apprenticeship in the middle of the public politics and the education/employement relationship. The last part tries, thanks to a qualitativy investigation, to give some elements favourable for a valuation of the apprenticeship in the territory of Poitou-Charentes

Keywords : Alternance, Apprenticeship, Comparative approach, Employement, Valuation, Professional education, Integration, Poitou-Charentes, Public politics, Social representations, Sociology of the youth, Territory.